MEIR
Golda Meir was known as the "Iron Lady" when she was Prime Minister of
Israel, long before that sobriquet came to be associated with British
Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Golda Meir was born Golda Mabovitch in
Kiev (in modern-day Ukraine), and when she was a young girl she moved
with her family to the United States and settled in Milwaukee. As a
teenager she relocated to Denver where she met and married Morris
Meyerson, at the age of 19. She and her husband joined a kibbutz in
Palestine in 1921, when she was in her twenties. Meir had been active in
politics in the US, and continued her political work in Palestine. She
was very influential during WWII, and played a leading role in
negotiations after the war leading to the setting up of the state of
Israel. By the time she was called on to lead the country, Meir had
already retired, citing exhaustion and ill health. But serve she did,
and led Israel during turbulent times (e.g. the massacre at the Munich
Olympics, and the Yom Kippur War). She eventually resigned in 1974,
saying that was what the people wanted.
The Yom Kippur War started on October 6 in 1973 with a surprise move by
Syria and Egypt into the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights. The
conflict quickly escalated into a confrontation between the US and the
Soviet Union, as both superpowers rushed arms to the opposing states.
Within a week, Israeli forces had regained the land that had been lost
and two weeks later had advanced within striking range of both Cairo and
Damascus. A UN brokered ceasefire brought the war to an end on October
25, after just 19 days of fighting.
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